Theses on a related topic (having the same keywords):
cajovna, marketingova strategie, coolna z&m s. r. o., loajalita zakazniku, povedomi o , revenue growth, marketing strategy, kavarna a , customer loyalty, brand awareness, znacce, cafe and tea room, loyalty program, zvyseni atraktivity, narust trzeb, brand, vernostni program, increased attractivenessKeywords ordered alphabetically | Keywords ordered by occurrence rate
301.
Kantor, Adam
Faculty: Collegium Humanum - Warsaw Management University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Human Resource Management
Faculty: Collegium Humanum - Warsaw Management University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Human Resource Management
302.
Kápičková, Lenka
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Budování značky na finančně-poradenském trhu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Budování značky na finančně-poradenském trhu | Theses on a related topic
303.
Kašpar, Roman
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh marketingové strategie k překonávání krizových období společnosti Allrisk, s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh marketingové strategie k překonávání krizových období společnosti Allrisk, s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
304.
Kellner, Lukáš
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
305.
Kiss, Oliver
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic
306.
Klymska, Maryna
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh marketingové kampaně "Longevity" pro značku NN Životní pojišťovnu a penzijní společnost | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh marketingové kampaně "Longevity" pro značku NN Životní pojišťovnu a penzijní společnost | Theses on a related topic
307.
Koch, Daniel
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Integrace značky klienta pro tvorbu web designu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Integrace značky klienta pro tvorbu web designu | Theses on a related topic
308.
Kolář, Tomáš
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
309.
Konhefrová, Kristýna
Faculty: Collegium Humanum - Warsaw Management University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Marketing
Faculty: Collegium Humanum - Warsaw Management University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Marketing
310.
Kosková, Veronika
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vliv emocí na zákazníka při volbě značky | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vliv emocí na zákazníka při volbě značky | Theses on a related topic
311.
Košťálová, Kristýna
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Marketingový plán pro zvolenou firmu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Marketingový plán pro zvolenou firmu | Theses on a related topic
312.
Králová, Zdeňka maiden name: Pospíšilová
Faculty: Collegium Humanum - Warsaw Management University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Human Resource Management
Faculty: Collegium Humanum - Warsaw Management University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Human Resource Management
313.
Križanová, Bianka
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Collaborative marketing v módnom priemysle: Spolupráce medzi značkami, celebritami a dizajnérmi | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Collaborative marketing v módnom priemysle: Spolupráce medzi značkami, celebritami a dizajnérmi | Theses on a related topic
314.
Křivánek, Stanislav
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán - módní značka | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán - módní značka | Theses on a related topic
315.
Lakkisová, Romana
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh marketingového plánu pro Lakkis Toner Servis | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh marketingového plánu pro Lakkis Toner Servis | Theses on a related topic
316.
Lavičková, Iva
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Marketingová strategie společnosti Designfoods, s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Marketingová strategie společnosti Designfoods, s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
317.
Le, Hoang Anh
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Online marketingová strategie pro Rio Mare | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Online marketingová strategie pro Rio Mare | Theses on a related topic
318.
Lepka, Martin
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2004, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2004, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms
319.
Lochmanová, Lenka
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
320.
Malíčková, Gabriela
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and management of small and medium-sized enterprises (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán na založení minipivovaru | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and management of small and medium-sized enterprises (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán na založení minipivovaru | Theses on a related topic
321.
Maloňová, Dominika
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr - uvedení nové módní značky na trh | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr - uvedení nové módní značky na trh | Theses on a related topic
322.
Marková, Adéla
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Bachelor's thesis defence: Zvyšování zisku pomocí marketingu v UniCode M&D, s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Bachelor's thesis defence: Zvyšování zisku pomocí marketingu v UniCode M&D, s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
323.
Martinů, Filip
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Návrh marketingové strategie společnosti Hortinfos | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Návrh marketingové strategie společnosti Hortinfos | Theses on a related topic
324.
Mašková, Dominika
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Management se zaměřením na psychologii
Bachelor's thesis defence: Logo komunikace | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Management se zaměřením na psychologii
Bachelor's thesis defence: Logo komunikace | Theses on a related topic
325.
Matějková, Barbora
Faculty: Collegium Humanum - Warsaw Management University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Marketing
Faculty: Collegium Humanum - Warsaw Management University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Marketing
326.
Matulániová, Nicol
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Tvorba marketingového plánu pro nově vznikající firmu Animarum | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Tvorba marketingového plánu pro nově vznikající firmu Animarum | Theses on a related topic
327.
Maxová, Barbora
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Návrh marketingové strategie konkrétní instituce | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Návrh marketingové strategie konkrétní instituce | Theses on a related topic
328.
Mikel, Jiří
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podniková strategie | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podniková strategie | Theses on a related topic
329.
Minaříková, Nikola
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Budování značky na konkrétním příkladu značky “Life is Porno” | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Budování značky na konkrétním příkladu značky “Life is Porno” | Theses on a related topic
330.
Mistolerová, Tereza
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Využití trendů marketingové komunikace k zvýšení percepce značky Apple v ČR | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Využití trendů marketingové komunikace k zvýšení percepce značky Apple v ČR | Theses on a related topic
331.
Müller, Jan
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Human Resource Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh marketingové strategie pro budování obchodní značky ve finančním poradenství | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Human Resource Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh marketingové strategie pro budování obchodní značky ve finančním poradenství | Theses on a related topic
332.
Müller, Tomáš
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Využití sociálních sítí pro budování značky a zvýšení prodeje | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Využití sociálních sítí pro budování značky a zvýšení prodeje | Theses on a related topic
333.
Nguyen, Hai Long
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
334.
Nguyenová, Luong Duyen
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Budování vizuální identity značky | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Budování vizuální identity značky | Theses on a related topic
335.
Nitranová, Nikola
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikateľský zámer - Baristické centrum | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikateľský zámer - Baristické centrum | Theses on a related topic
336.
Nováček, Michael
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Brandová komunikace ve virtuální realitě | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Brandová komunikace ve virtuální realitě | Theses on a related topic
337.
Nováčková, Jessica
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Nové trendy marketingové komunikace v on-line prostředí | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Nové trendy marketingové komunikace v on-line prostředí | Theses on a related topic
338.
Novák, Petr
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Brand building s využitím sociálních sítí | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Brand building s využitím sociálních sítí | Theses on a related topic
339.
Novotný, Ondřej
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Brand building společnosti Hopštejn spol. s r.o. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Brand building společnosti Hopštejn spol. s r.o. | Theses on a related topic
340.
Nowá, Karolína
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Tvorba brandu a branding | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Tvorba brandu a branding | Theses on a related topic
341.
Olbrich, Samuel
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Tvorba employer brandové strategie podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Tvorba employer brandové strategie podniku | Theses on a related topic
342.
Oriešek, Daniel
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Využitie nástrojov marketingového mixu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Využitie nástrojov marketingového mixu | Theses on a related topic
343.
Osičková, Denisa
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Využití barev v brandu značky a designu produktů na českém trhu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Využití barev v brandu značky a designu produktů na českém trhu | Theses on a related topic
344.
Peška, Samuel
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Tvorba sportovní značky 4SP | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Tvorba sportovní značky 4SP | Theses on a related topic
345.
Pham, Cong Thanh
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vliv a využití sociálních sítí na Fashion marketing firmy Never Enough | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vliv a využití sociálních sítí na Fashion marketing firmy Never Enough | Theses on a related topic
346.
Pobořil, Jan
Faculty: Collegium Humanum - Warsaw Management University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Marketing
Faculty: Collegium Humanum - Warsaw Management University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Marketing
347.
Pokorná, Iva
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Návrh marketingové strategie konkrétní instituce | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Návrh marketingové strategie konkrétní instituce | Theses on a related topic
348.
Polnická, Michaela
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Marketingový plán | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Marketingový plán | Theses on a related topic
349.
Procházka, David
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Marketingová strategie zavádění nového výrobku na trh | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Marketingová strategie zavádění nového výrobku na trh | Theses on a related topic
350.
Purketová, Sára
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic