Theses on a related topic (having the same keywords):
vstrikovani plastu, pestle analyza, plastic injection molding, swot analyza, pestle analysis, businnes plan, podnikatelsky plan, swot analysisKeywords ordered alphabetically | Keywords ordered by occurrence rate
701.
Lajda, Martin
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / International Management
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / International Management
702.
Lang, Tom Maximilian
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr na aplikaci pro řešení Informačního přehlcení v eventovém Kontextu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr na aplikaci pro řešení Informačního přehlcení v eventovém Kontextu | Theses on a related topic
703.
Lanová, Natálie
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2025, studies under way
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán pro obor "Health & Fitness" | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2025, studies under way
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán pro obor "Health & Fitness" | Theses on a related topic
704.
Laška, Jakub
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Možnosti rozvoje Hotelu Global | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Možnosti rozvoje Hotelu Global | Theses on a related topic
705.
Lavičková, Iva
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Marketingová strategie společnosti Designfoods, s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Marketingová strategie společnosti Designfoods, s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
706.
Le, Dinh Phuc
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2025, studies under way
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2025, studies under way
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic
707.
Le, Tuan Anh
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic
708.
Ledererová, Judita
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Rozvoj obchodních aktivit podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Rozvoj obchodních aktivit podniku | Theses on a related topic
709.
Leisztner, Roland
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / International Management
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / International Management
710.
Lejska, Martin
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Vytvoření systému strategického managementu pro konkrétní malý, resp. střední podnik | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Vytvoření systému strategického managementu pro konkrétní malý, resp. střední podnik | Theses on a related topic
711.
Lepka, Martin
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2004, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2004, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms
712.
Lerch, Jana
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán networkingového klubu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán networkingového klubu | Theses on a related topic
713.
Lesniaková, Marcela maiden name: Nováčková
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza firmy a inovace vybraných subsystémů | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza firmy a inovace vybraných subsystémů | Theses on a related topic
714.
Libiger, Lukáš
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic
715.
Lišková, Eva maiden name: Pecůchová
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
716.
Lojkásková, Tereza
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Human Resource Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Human Resource Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
717.
Loudínová, Elena
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
718.
Loudínová, Elena
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
719.
Loup, Miroslav
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms
720.
Lukášová, Ilona
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr na založení nového podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr na založení nového podniku | Theses on a related topic
721.
Lukeš, Adam
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán - hokejové sportovní centrum | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán - hokejové sportovní centrum | Theses on a related topic
722.
Luu Thanhová, Nikola
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikateľsky zámer | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikateľsky zámer | Theses on a related topic
723.
Lysáček, Tomáš
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
724.
Lysek, Dominik
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Human Resource Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán pro založení pilotní pobočky bezobslužného fitness centra | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Human Resource Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán pro založení pilotní pobočky bezobslužného fitness centra | Theses on a related topic
725.
Macúch, Patrik
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / International Management
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / International Management
726.
Machová, Timea
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikateľský zámer - Penzión Machovička | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikateľský zámer - Penzión Machovička | Theses on a related topic
727.
Málková, Iveta
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Bachelor's thesis defence: Modernizace provozu hotelového zařízení | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Bachelor's thesis defence: Modernizace provozu hotelového zařízení | Theses on a related topic
728.
Maloňová, Dominika
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr - uvedení nové módní značky na trh | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr - uvedení nové módní značky na trh | Theses on a related topic
729.
Maňoušková, Tereza
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and management / Management SME (combination/specialization: studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and management / Management SME (combination/specialization: studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
730.
Marhoulová, Klára
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Business Management
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Business Management
731.
Marková, Adéla
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Bachelor's thesis defence: Zvyšování zisku pomocí marketingu v UniCode M&D, s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Bachelor's thesis defence: Zvyšování zisku pomocí marketingu v UniCode M&D, s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
732.
Marková, Karolína
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2025, studies under way
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh marketingového plánu společnosti ProSpánek SE na trhu se zdravým spánkem | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2025, studies under way
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh marketingového plánu společnosti ProSpánek SE na trhu se zdravým spánkem | Theses on a related topic
733.
Martinec, Adam
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán inovační bezkontaktní automatické myčky | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán inovační bezkontaktní automatické myčky | Theses on a related topic
734.
Martinů, Filip
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Návrh marketingové strategie společnosti Hortinfos | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Návrh marketingové strategie společnosti Hortinfos | Theses on a related topic
735.
Mařík, Dominik
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies under way
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies under way
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic
736.
Mašek, Dominik
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán k vybudování samoobslužného bezkontaktního mycího centra | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán k vybudování samoobslužného bezkontaktního mycího centra | Theses on a related topic
737.
Mašek, Dominik
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr založení grafického e-shopu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr založení grafického e-shopu | Theses on a related topic
738.
Maťátková, Michaela
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Využití moderních metod marketingu ve zvyšování zisku malých a středních firem | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Využití moderních metod marketingu ve zvyšování zisku malých a středních firem | Theses on a related topic
739.
Mátéová, Lucie
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Human Resource Management
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Human Resource Management
740.
Matulík, David
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikateľský plán - eshop | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikateľský plán - eshop | Theses on a related topic
741.
Matulová, Jana
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and management of small and medium-sized enterprises (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Využití marketingu pro zvýšení konkurenceschopnosti firmy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and management of small and medium-sized enterprises (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Využití marketingu pro zvýšení konkurenceschopnosti firmy | Theses on a related topic
742.
Maxa, Matyáš
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Posouzení podnikatelského záměru uvedení nového produktu na trh | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Posouzení podnikatelského záměru uvedení nového produktu na trh | Theses on a related topic
743.
Měchurová, Julie
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr na založení jógového studia | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr na založení jógového studia | Theses on a related topic
744.
Melcher, Patrik
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán firmy na údržbu fotovoltaických panelů | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán firmy na údržbu fotovoltaických panelů | Theses on a related topic
745.
Menclová, Štěpánka
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh podnikatelského záměru skladovacích prostor | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh podnikatelského záměru skladovacích prostor | Theses on a related topic
746.
Mešková, Valentina
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and management / Management SME (combination/specialization: studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Brand management ve vybrané společnosti | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and management / Management SME (combination/specialization: studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Brand management ve vybrané společnosti | Theses on a related topic
747.
Michálek, Petr
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic
748.
Michalisková, Lucie
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Analýza podniku a inovace vybraných subsystémů | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Analýza podniku a inovace vybraných subsystémů | Theses on a related topic
749.
Mikel, Jiří
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podniková strategie | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podniková strategie | Theses on a related topic
750.
Míková, Jana
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and management of small and medium-sized enterprises (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh marketingového mixu a doporučení pro konkrétní instituci | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and management of small and medium-sized enterprises (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh marketingového mixu a doporučení pro konkrétní instituci | Theses on a related topic