Theses on a related topic (having the same keywords):
podnik, marketingovy plan, financni plan, podnikatelsky plan, business, analysis, analyza, business plan, financial plan, marketing planKeywords ordered alphabetically | Keywords ordered by occurrence rate
1051.
Gurkina, Alisa
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
1052.
Hájková, Kateřina
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Human Resource Management
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Human Resource Management
1053.
Hájková, Michaela maiden name: Hájková
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Financial Controlling
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán na založení cestovní kanceláře | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Financial Controlling
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán na založení cestovní kanceláře | Theses on a related topic
1054.
Halenková, Eva
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Posouzení efektivnosti podnikatelského záměru podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Posouzení efektivnosti podnikatelského záměru podniku | Theses on a related topic
1055.
Hamerníková, Alena
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms
Bachelor's thesis defence: Strategie rozvoje malého podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms
Bachelor's thesis defence: Strategie rozvoje malého podniku | Theses on a related topic
1056.
Hanák, Mirek
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr rozvoje malého podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr rozvoje malého podniku | Theses on a related topic
1057.
Hanáková, Klára
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies under way
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Budování značky Creativo | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies under way
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Budování značky Creativo | Theses on a related topic
1058.
HANDA, Pranav
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
1059.
Hasala, Petr
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Inovace a zvýšení efektivnosti marketingového programu malé firmy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Inovace a zvýšení efektivnosti marketingového programu malé firmy | Theses on a related topic
1060.
Havelková, Ilona
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Marketingová strategie pro otevření motokrosové prodejny na Slovensku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Marketingová strategie pro otevření motokrosové prodejny na Slovensku | Theses on a related topic
1061.
Havlíček, Dominik
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic
1062.
Havlíčková, Ludmila maiden name: Pánková
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Ekonomika a zdaňování)
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr rozvoje malé firmy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Ekonomika a zdaňování)
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr rozvoje malé firmy | Theses on a related topic
1063.
Havlíková, Alena maiden name: Zemanová
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
1064.
Hekrlová, Lucie
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Daňové aspekty nákladů | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Daňové aspekty nákladů | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Daňové aspekty nákladů | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Daňové aspekty nákladů | Theses on a related topic
1065.
Hirschner, Petr
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
1066.
Hladíková, Šárka
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Bachelor's thesis defence: Srovnání podnikání fyzické a právnické osoby s.r.o. s jediným společníkem | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Bachelor's thesis defence: Srovnání podnikání fyzické a právnické osoby s.r.o. s jediným společníkem | Theses on a related topic
1067.
Hlaváčková, Eva
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and management / Management SME (combination/specialization: studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán MSP | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and management / Management SME (combination/specialization: studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán MSP | Theses on a related topic
1068.
Hluchaňová, Libuše maiden name: Čechová
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Controlling v řízení lidských zdrojů | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Controlling v řízení lidských zdrojů | Theses on a related topic
1069.
Hodovská, Šárka maiden name: Navrátilová
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation (combination/specialization: Studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Účetní, daňové a správní aspekty vybraných typů neziskových organizací | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation (combination/specialization: Studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Účetní, daňové a správní aspekty vybraných typů neziskových organizací | Theses on a related topic
1070.
Hochmannová, Michaela
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
1071.
Holíková, Michaela
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
1072.
Holoubek, Libor
Faculty: Collegium Humanum - Warsaw Management University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / International Management
Faculty: Collegium Humanum - Warsaw Management University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / International Management
1073.
Holubová, Zuzana
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
1074.
Homola, Tomáš
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Cesty ke snižování nákladů ve společnosti ABB Brno | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Cesty ke snižování nákladů ve společnosti ABB Brno | Theses on a related topic
1075.
Homolka, Filip
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Management změny ve firmě | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Management změny ve firmě | Theses on a related topic
1076.
Horáčková, Marta
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
1077.
Horák, Jan
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
1078.
Horáková, Martina
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr aktivit pro studenty programu Erasmus | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr aktivit pro studenty programu Erasmus | Theses on a related topic
1079.
Horáková, Michaela
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
1080.
Horká, Tereza
Faculty: Collegium Humanum - Warsaw Management University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Marketing
Faculty: Collegium Humanum - Warsaw Management University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Marketing
1081.
Hořák, Petr
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Bachelor's thesis defence: Marketingový plán pro firmu Prototypa ZM | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Bachelor's thesis defence: Marketingový plán pro firmu Prototypa ZM | Theses on a related topic
1082.
Hošek, Martin
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
1083.
Hošek, Radek
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
1084.
Hoxha, Arian
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Bachelor's thesis defence: Finanční analýza vybraného podnikatelského subjektu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Bachelor's thesis defence: Finanční analýza vybraného podnikatelského subjektu | Theses on a related topic
1085.
Hrazdíra, Tomáš
Faculty: Collegium Humanum - Warsaw Management University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Human Resource Management
Faculty: Collegium Humanum - Warsaw Management University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Human Resource Management
1086.
Hromek, Pavel
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Marketingový plán firmy ALFA s.r.o. pro rok 2012 | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Marketingový plán firmy ALFA s.r.o. pro rok 2012 | Theses on a related topic
1087.
Hrušovská, Jana maiden name: Hrušovská
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Srovnání podnikání fyzické a právnické osoby (zaměřeno na s.r.o. založeno jedním společníkem) | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Srovnání podnikání fyzické a právnické osoby (zaměřeno na s.r.o. založeno jedním společníkem) | Theses on a related topic
1088.
Hübl, Miroslav
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms
Bachelor's thesis defence: Zhodnocení podnikatelského záměru konkrétního subjektu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms
Bachelor's thesis defence: Zhodnocení podnikatelského záměru konkrétního subjektu | Theses on a related topic
1089.
Hudlík, Petr
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Návrh marketingového plánu pro konkrétní společnost | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Návrh marketingového plánu pro konkrétní společnost | Theses on a related topic
1090.
Huňáček, Jakub
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Vývoj na trhu fúzí a akvizic | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Vývoj na trhu fúzí a akvizic | Theses on a related topic
1091.
Chaloupková, Pavlína
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Ekonomika a zdaňování)
Master's thesis defence: Systém controllingu ve společnosti REMAKO s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Ekonomika a zdaňování)
Master's thesis defence: Systém controllingu ve společnosti REMAKO s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
1092.
Charvátová, Michaela
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2004, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2004, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms
1093.
CHEN, Jiexi
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
1094.
CHEN, Mo
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
1095.
Chlapcová, Pavlína
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
1096.
Chloupek, Ondřej
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
1097.
Chloupek, Pavel
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Řízení marketingu firmy v oblasti zásobování nemocnic zdravotnickými prostředky | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Řízení marketingu firmy v oblasti zásobování nemocnic zdravotnickými prostředky | Theses on a related topic
1098.
Chmelíčková, Lucie
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Prevence bossingu na pracovišti | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Prevence bossingu na pracovišti | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr rozvoje malého podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Prevence bossingu na pracovišti | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Prevence bossingu na pracovišti | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr rozvoje malého podniku | Theses on a related topic
1099.
Chmelík, Jiří maiden name: Chmelík
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Aplikace procesního řízení ve vývoji a výrobě tepelných čerpadel | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Aplikace procesního řízení ve vývoji a výrobě tepelných čerpadel | Theses on a related topic
1100.
Chmelík, Jiří maiden name: Chmelík
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Marketingové strategie a řízení podniku zaměřeného na obnovitelné zdroje energie | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Marketingové strategie a řízení podniku zaměřeného na obnovitelné zdroje energie | Theses on a related topic