Theses on a related topic (having the same keywords):
rentabilita, profitability, pomerove ukazatele, financial statements, financial analysis, ratio indices, financni situace, system of indices, soustava ukazatelu, ucetni vykazy, financial situation, company rating, financni analyza, hodnoceni spolecnostiKeywords ordered alphabetically | Keywords ordered by occurrence rate
401.
Zavadilová, Pavla
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Porovnání podnikatelského záměru na založení firmy se současným stavem firmy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Porovnání podnikatelského záměru na založení firmy se současným stavem firmy | Theses on a related topic
402.
Zavřel, Jakub
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
403.
Zigo, Vojtěch
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
404.
Zíková, Kristýna
Faculty: Collegium Humanum - Warsaw Management University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Business Management
Faculty: Collegium Humanum - Warsaw Management University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Business Management
405.
Zítková, Irena
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Statistická analýza rizikových ekonomických a finančních faktorů podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Statistická analýza rizikových ekonomických a finančních faktorů podniku | Theses on a related topic
406.
Zouharová, Hana maiden name: Zouharová
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Ekonomika a zdaňování)
Master's thesis defence: Strategie snižování nákladovosti účetní firmy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Ekonomika a zdaňování)
Master's thesis defence: Strategie snižování nákladovosti účetní firmy | Theses on a related topic
407.
Žaranová, Nikol
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
408.
Ždánská, Helena
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Zhodnocení hospodaření Centra služeb pro seniory Kyjov | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Zhodnocení hospodaření Centra služeb pro seniory Kyjov | Theses on a related topic
409.
Žlůvová, Petra
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Finanční analýza příspěvkové organizace v mikroregionu Úpice | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Finanční analýza příspěvkové organizace v mikroregionu Úpice | Theses on a related topic
410.
Adam, Ivo
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms
411.
Adamkovič, Matej
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
412.
Ambrozová, Jitka
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Návrhy na zefektivnění finančního řízení společnosti D-Klima s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Návrhy na zefektivnění finančního řízení společnosti D-Klima s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
413.
Antonín, Pavel
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Využití finanční analýzy a finančního benchmarkingu v podniku | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Využití finanční analýzy a finančního benchmarkingu v podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Využití finanční analýzy a finančního benchmarkingu v podniku | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Využití finanční analýzy a finančního benchmarkingu v podniku | Theses on a related topic
414.
Bačovská, Markéta
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and management / Taxation (combination/specialization: studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Rozpočtová ekonomika vybrané obce | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and management / Taxation (combination/specialization: studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Rozpočtová ekonomika vybrané obce | Theses on a related topic
415.
Baláková, Petra
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
416.
Bartoš, Walter
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Efektivnost finančního řízení podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Efektivnost finančního řízení podniku | Theses on a related topic
417.
Bartošek, Stanislav
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2004, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2004, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
418.
Bartušek, Oldřich
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
419.
Bednář, Jiří
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Ekonomika a zdaňování)
Master's thesis defence: Analýza hospodaření společnosti a návrhy na jeho optimalizaci | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Ekonomika a zdaňování)
Master's thesis defence: Analýza hospodaření společnosti a návrhy na jeho optimalizaci | Theses on a related topic
420.
Bednáříková, Eva
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2004, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2004, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms
421.
Bednářová, Jana
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation (combination/specialization: Studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation (combination/specialization: Studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
422.
Belgacem, Lucie maiden name: Šulcová
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Opravné položky v účetnictví | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Opravné položky v účetnictví | Theses on a related topic
423.
Blahutková, Miroslava
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Analýza hospodaření společnosti Velkoobchod nástrojů Šitina, s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Analýza hospodaření společnosti Velkoobchod nástrojů Šitina, s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
424.
Bohut, Martin
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Strategická analýza společnosti MERCI s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Strategická analýza společnosti MERCI s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
425.
Botková, Iveta
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
426.
Bránecká, Hana
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh na zavedení podvojného účetnictví u fyzické osoby | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh na zavedení podvojného účetnictví u fyzické osoby | Theses on a related topic
427.
Brustmannová, Zuzana
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
428.
Březina, Petr
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh marketingové strategie firmy Unistav | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh marketingové strategie firmy Unistav | Theses on a related topic
429.
Buchníčková, Monika maiden name: Šumberová
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Využití finanční analýzy v podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Využití finanční analýzy v podniku | Theses on a related topic
430.
Bukajová, Vladimíra
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Zhodnocení ekonomické situace společnosti Hudebka s.r.o. metodami finanční analýzy a návrhy k jejímu řešení | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Zhodnocení ekonomické situace společnosti Hudebka s.r.o. metodami finanční analýzy a návrhy k jejímu řešení | Theses on a related topic
431.
Cichý, Dalibor
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
432.
Císař, Filip
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Statistická analýza rizikových ekonomických a finančních faktorů podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Statistická analýza rizikových ekonomických a finančních faktorů podniku | Theses on a related topic
433.
Daněk, Roman
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
434.
Dangová, Phuong Linh
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelské plánování na založení nového podniku Beppe bakery | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelské plánování na založení nového podniku Beppe bakery | Theses on a related topic
435.
Daňková, Lenka
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Návrh dalšího zaměření činnosti podniku v oblasti bezdrátového internetu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Návrh dalšího zaměření činnosti podniku v oblasti bezdrátového internetu | Theses on a related topic
436.
Dařílková, Lenka maiden name: Němcová
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Ekonomika a zdaňování)
Master's thesis defence: Analýza efektivnosti výstavby bioplynové stanice | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Ekonomika a zdaňování)
Master's thesis defence: Analýza efektivnosti výstavby bioplynové stanice | Theses on a related topic
437.
Dechetová, Lucie
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Ekonomika a zdaňování)
Master's thesis defence: Možnosti využití metod ekonomické analýzy v krizovém řízení | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Ekonomika a zdaňování)
Master's thesis defence: Možnosti využití metod ekonomické analýzy v krizovém řízení | Theses on a related topic
438.
Dohnalová, Eva
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2004, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2004, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
439.
Dokoupilová, Jana maiden name: Reinerová
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms
440.
Doležel, Zdeněk
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Ekonomika a zdaňování)
Master's thesis defence: Optimalizace financování obnovy dlouhodobého majetku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Ekonomika a zdaňování)
Master's thesis defence: Optimalizace financování obnovy dlouhodobého majetku | Theses on a related topic
441.
Dolgova, Elizaveta
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
442.
Drimlová, Adéla maiden name: Talašová
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
443.
Drozd, Martin
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Global Business and Management
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Global Business and Management
444.
Drozen, Daniel
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Human Resource Management
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Human Resource Management
445.
Dubová, Alena
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Analýza podniku a inovace vybraných subsystémů | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Analýza podniku a inovace vybraných subsystémů | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Analýza podniku a inovace vybraných subsystémů | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Analýza podniku a inovace vybraných subsystémů | Theses on a related topic
446.
Duchoň, Ivo
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Zhodnocení dopadu intervence ČNB na ekonomickou výkonnost ve vybraném podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Zhodnocení dopadu intervence ČNB na ekonomickou výkonnost ve vybraném podniku | Theses on a related topic
447.
Fialová, Věra
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2004, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2004, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
448.
Fojtíková, Kateřina
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation (combination/specialization: Studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation (combination/specialization: Studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
449.
Foltýnová, Tereza
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
450.
Frühaufová, Iva maiden name: Malachová
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Krizové řízení podniku a návrhy na jeho vylepšení | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Krizové řízení podniku a návrhy na jeho vylepšení | Theses on a related topic