Theses on a related topic (having the same keywords):
finance, financial ratios, pomerove ukazatele, state-owned enterprise, financial analysis, management, analysis, financni analyza, statni podnik, analyzaKeywords ordered alphabetically | Keywords ordered by occurrence rate
1001.
Kvasňovský, Petr
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Návrh podnikové strategie společnosti | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Návrh podnikové strategie společnosti | Theses on a related topic
1002.
Lagová, Zuzana
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Hodnocení ekonomické výkonnosti podniku prostřednictvím finanční analýzy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Hodnocení ekonomické výkonnosti podniku prostřednictvím finanční analýzy | Theses on a related topic
1003.
Lachová, Martina maiden name: Holcová
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán založení kavárny | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán založení kavárny | Theses on a related topic
1004.
Lakkisová, Romana
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh marketingového plánu pro Lakkis Toner Servis | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh marketingového plánu pro Lakkis Toner Servis | Theses on a related topic
1005.
Lang, Nina
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Etické aspekty manažmentu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Etické aspekty manažmentu | Theses on a related topic
1006.
Lásko, Josef
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / International Management
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / International Management
1007.
Le, Thao My
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: The managerial solutions for employees’ working motivation in the hospitality industry | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: The managerial solutions for employees’ working motivation in the hospitality industry | Theses on a related topic
1008.
Le, Tuan Anh
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic
1009.
Lenochová, Kristýna
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / International Management
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / International Management
1010.
Lepka, Martin
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2004, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2004, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms
1011.
Lička, Filip
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2025, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh komunikace Buddy’s street 23 | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2025, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh komunikace Buddy’s street 23 | Theses on a related topic
1012.
Lín, David
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Human Resource Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Investiční gramotnost | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Human Resource Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Investiční gramotnost | Theses on a related topic
1013.
Líška, Samuel
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikateľské stratégie obchodných korporácií | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikateľské stratégie obchodných korporácií | Theses on a related topic
1014.
Lišková, Eva maiden name: Pecůchová
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
1015.
Lopes de Carvalho Benevides, Érika
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Business Plan of a Brazilian Bistro in Brno | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Business Plan of a Brazilian Bistro in Brno | Theses on a related topic
1016.
Lorenz, Richard
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Management informačních rizik v podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Management informačních rizik v podniku | Theses on a related topic
1017.
Lorincová, Kristína
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2025, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Human Resource Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Strategie zvyšování pracovní motivace zaměstnanců v malém podniku: role interní komunikace a individuálního přístupu k řízení lidský zdrojů | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2025, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Human Resource Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Strategie zvyšování pracovní motivace zaměstnanců v malém podniku: role interní komunikace a individuálního přístupu k řízení lidský zdrojů | Theses on a related topic
1018.
Loubalová, Marcela
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and management of small and medium-sized enterprises (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Žádoucí posun paradigmatu vůdcovství a vedení lidí v malých a středních podnicích | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and management of small and medium-sized enterprises (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Žádoucí posun paradigmatu vůdcovství a vedení lidí v malých a středních podnicích | Theses on a related topic
1019.
Loydová, Martina
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Human Resource Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Emoční inteligence jako předpoklad úspěného působení manažerů | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Human Resource Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Emoční inteligence jako předpoklad úspěného působení manažerů | Theses on a related topic
1020.
Ludvík, Ivo
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
1021.
Ludvík, Jan
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh zvýšení úrovně managementu ve firmě | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh zvýšení úrovně managementu ve firmě | Theses on a related topic
1022.
Lupoměská, Aneta
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Uplatnění jógy v rozvoji manažerů | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Uplatnění jógy v rozvoji manažerů | Theses on a related topic
1023.
Lustigová, Lenka maiden name: Kostincová
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
1024.
Lustigová, Lenka maiden name: Kostincová
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
1025.
Lysáček, Tomáš
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
1026.
Macek, Ladislav
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Strategie rozvoje obce se zaměřením na financování v podmínkách města Brna | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Strategie rozvoje obce se zaměřením na financování v podmínkách města Brna | Theses on a related topic
1027.
Machanec, Martin
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Způsoby vzdělávání zaměstnanců v podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Způsoby vzdělávání zaměstnanců v podniku | Theses on a related topic
1028.
Majerová, Petronela
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Etické aspekty manažmentu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Etické aspekty manažmentu | Theses on a related topic
1029.
Majerová, Zuzana
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Vplyv pracovných trendov a transformácie práce na riadenie ľudských zdrojov | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Vplyv pracovných trendov a transformácie práce na riadenie ľudských zdrojov | Theses on a related topic
1030.
Malá, Nikola
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Zvládání projevů psychopatie v managementu korporátní a státní správy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Zvládání projevů psychopatie v managementu korporátní a státní správy | Theses on a related topic
1031.
Malhocká, Ivana
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Koučink jako metoda profesního rozvoje | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Koučink jako metoda profesního rozvoje | Theses on a related topic
1032.
Malíčková, Gabriela
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Systém periodického hodnocení zaměstnanců | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Systém periodického hodnocení zaměstnanců | Theses on a related topic
1033.
Marečková, Lenka
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Finanční pomoc klientům | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Finanční pomoc klientům | Theses on a related topic
1034.
Marečková, Lucie
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Firemní kultura v hotelu Francis Palace | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Firemní kultura v hotelu Francis Palace | Theses on a related topic
1035.
Mareš, Pavel
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Bachelor's thesis defence: Využití finanční analýzy v podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Bachelor's thesis defence: Využití finanční analýzy v podniku | Theses on a related topic
1036.
Marková, Martina
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Specifika náboru a výběru zaměstnanců | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Specifika náboru a výběru zaměstnanců | Theses on a related topic
1037.
Marková, Petra maiden name: Muláčková
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
1038.
Martinková, Sabina
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Strategie rozvoje malého podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and Management of small and medium sized firms (combination/specialization: Studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Strategie rozvoje malého podniku | Theses on a related topic
1039.
Martinov, Jan maiden name: Kokrhoun
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
1040.
Masár, Pascal
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Human Resource Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Well-being a pozitivní psychologie v manažerské praxi | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Human Resource Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Well-being a pozitivní psychologie v manažerské praxi | Theses on a related topic
1041.
Matalová, Markéta
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Analýza veřejných výdajů na podporu sportovních aktivit mladé generace | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Analýza veřejných výdajů na podporu sportovních aktivit mladé generace | Theses on a related topic
1042.
Matějková, Jitka
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
1043.
Matejová, Dorota
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Psychologické aspekty v personálním managementu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Psychologické aspekty v personálním managementu | Theses on a related topic
1044.
Matějovský, Denis
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2025, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Modernizace manažerských procesů ve vybraném podniku z oblasti gastronomie | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2025, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Modernizace manažerských procesů ve vybraném podniku z oblasti gastronomie | Theses on a related topic
1045.
Matulániová, Nicol
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Tvorba marketingového plánu pro nově vznikající firmu Animarum | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Tvorba marketingového plánu pro nově vznikající firmu Animarum | Theses on a related topic
1046.
Matušů, Romana
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Analýza rozpočtového hospodaření obce Moravany | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Analýza rozpočtového hospodaření obce Moravany | Theses on a related topic
1047.
Maxová, Barbora
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Návrh marketingové strategie konkrétní instituce | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management
Master's thesis defence: Návrh marketingové strategie konkrétní instituce | Theses on a related topic
1048.
Mazánková, Daiana
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Human Resource Management
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Human Resource Management
1049.
Medlíková, Kristýna
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Osobnost manažera a leadera u firmy zabývající se finančním poradenstvím | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Osobnost manažera a leadera u firmy zabývající se finančním poradenstvím | Theses on a related topic
1050.
Mendlík, Ondřej
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Finanční gramotnost u mladistvých | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Finanční gramotnost u mladistvých | Theses on a related topic