Theses on a related topic (having the same keywords):
entrepreneur, marketingovy plan, zalozeni podniku, company establishment, legal form, podnikatel, podnikatelsky plan, pravni forma, marketing plan, business planKeywords ordered alphabetically | Keywords ordered by occurrence rate
351.
Křivánek, Aleš
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Human Resource Management
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Human Resource Management
352.
Křivánek, Stanislav
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Rozhodování o změně právní formy podnikání - převod živnosti na společnost s ručením omezeným | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Rozhodování o změně právní formy podnikání - převod živnosti na společnost s ručením omezeným | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Economy and Management (combination/specialization: Management malých a středních firem)
Master's thesis defence: Rozhodování o změně právní formy podnikání - převod živnosti na společnost s ručením omezeným | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Rozhodování o změně právní formy podnikání - převod živnosti na společnost s ručením omezeným | Theses on a related topic
353.
Kubíčková, Kateřina
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán - založení veganské restaurace | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán - založení veganské restaurace | Theses on a related topic
354.
Kubisová, Alexandra
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Marketingový plán na podporu rozšírenej reality v make-up priemysle | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Marketingový plán na podporu rozšírenej reality v make-up priemysle | Theses on a related topic
355.
Kubrychtová, Karolína
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2025, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán pro rozvoj módní značky Twelve Eleven | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2025, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán pro rozvoj módní značky Twelve Eleven | Theses on a related topic
356.
Kučerová, Leona
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2025, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Marketingový plán restaurace a hotelu Buchlovice | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2025, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Marketingový plán restaurace a hotelu Buchlovice | Theses on a related topic
357.
Kudlička, Radek
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
358.
Kudlička, Radek
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán – studentské ubytování | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán – studentské ubytování | Theses on a related topic
359.
Kulhánek, Jiří
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
360.
Kuryk, Orest
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic
361.
Kutnohorská, Nikola
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / International Management
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / International Management
362.
Kuzmová, Michaela
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh na založení podniku působícího v oblasti cestovního ruchu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh na založení podniku působícího v oblasti cestovního ruchu | Theses on a related topic
363.
Kvasňovský, Petr
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Rozvoj obchodních aktivit společnosti KOUKAAM Distribution a.s. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Rozvoj obchodních aktivit společnosti KOUKAAM Distribution a.s. | Theses on a related topic
364.
Kyndl, Tomáš
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr - založení fitness centra Tom´s Gym | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr - založení fitness centra Tom´s Gym | Theses on a related topic
365.
Kyndl, Tomáš
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr na založení bistra TastyToust | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr na založení bistra TastyToust | Theses on a related topic
366.
Lajda, Martin
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / International Management
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / International Management
367.
Lang, Tom Maximilian
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr na aplikaci pro řešení Informačního přehlcení v eventovém Kontextu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr na aplikaci pro řešení Informačního přehlcení v eventovém Kontextu | Theses on a related topic
368.
Le, Tuan Anh
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic
369.
Le, Viet Anh
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Marketingový plán pro značku Akanji | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Marketingový plán pro značku Akanji | Theses on a related topic
370.
Le, Zuzana
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Marketingový plán pre nový kozmetický salón | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Marketingový plán pre nový kozmetický salón | Theses on a related topic
371.
Leisztner, Roland
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / International Management
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / International Management
372.
Lerch, Jana
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán networkingového klubu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán networkingového klubu | Theses on a related topic
373.
Libiger, Lukáš
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic
374.
Lissi, Denisa
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Influenceři na socialních sítích a jejich využití v oblasti marketingu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Influenceři na socialních sítích a jejich využití v oblasti marketingu | Theses on a related topic
375.
Lojkásková, Tereza
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Human Resource Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Human Resource Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
376.
Luu Thanhová, Nikola
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikateľsky zámer | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikateľsky zámer | Theses on a related topic
377.
Lysek, Dominik
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Human Resource Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán pro založení pilotní pobočky bezobslužného fitness centra | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Human Resource Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán pro založení pilotní pobočky bezobslužného fitness centra | Theses on a related topic
378.
Macháček, Radim
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh podnikatelského záměru na založení prodejny výpočetní techniky | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh podnikatelského záměru na založení prodejny výpočetní techniky | Theses on a related topic
379.
Machalínek, Tomáš
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Marketingový plán pro značku Selkbag | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Marketingový plán pro značku Selkbag | Theses on a related topic
380.
Machová, Timea
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikateľský zámer - Penzión Machovička | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikateľský zámer - Penzión Machovička | Theses on a related topic
381.
Majerský, Ta Hieu
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr | Theses on a related topic
382.
Malcherová, Marie
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2025, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr pro konkrétní podnik | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2025, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr pro konkrétní podnik | Theses on a related topic
383.
Mamulová, Veronika
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and management of small and medium-sized enterprises (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Využití marketingu pro zvýšení konkurenceschopnosti firmy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Organization and management of small and medium-sized enterprises (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Využití marketingu pro zvýšení konkurenceschopnosti firmy | Theses on a related topic
384.
Maňoušková, Tereza
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and management / Management SME (combination/specialization: studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and management / Management SME (combination/specialization: studium pro absolventy VOŠ)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
385.
Marečková, Jana
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Daňové aspekty přechodu z daňové evidence na účetnictví | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: STING ACADEMY
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Taxation (combination/specialization: Studium pro uchazeče ze střední školy)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Daňové aspekty přechodu z daňové evidence na účetnictví | Theses on a related topic
386.
Marečková, Martina
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Human Resource Management
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Human Resource Management
387.
Margony, Erik
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh marketingového plánu pro Boss Muscular | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh marketingového plánu pro Boss Muscular | Theses on a related topic
388.
Marhoulová, Klára
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Business Management
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Business Management
389.
Marková, Kateřina
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2025, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Marketingový plán pro společnost Jemča a.s. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2025, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Marketingový plán pro společnost Jemča a.s. | Theses on a related topic
390.
Martinec, Adam
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán inovační bezkontaktní automatické myčky | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán inovační bezkontaktní automatické myčky | Theses on a related topic
391.
Martinů, Michaela
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh marketingového plánu pro svatební agenturu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Návrh marketingového plánu pro svatební agenturu | Theses on a related topic
392.
Mařanová, Nikola
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Tvorba marketingového plánu tematického deníku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Tvorba marketingového plánu tematického deníku | Theses on a related topic
393.
Mastai, Manuela
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán | Theses on a related topic
394.
Mašek, Dominik
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr založení grafického e-shopu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Globální podnikání a management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr založení grafického e-shopu | Theses on a related topic
395.
Matějovský, Denis
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Tvorba marketingového plánu pro restauraci Modrý Zub | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Tvorba marketingového plánu pro restauraci Modrý Zub | Theses on a related topic
396.
Mátéová, Lucie
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Human Resource Management
Faculty: Col. Hum.
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Management / Human Resource Management
397.
Matulík, David
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikateľský plán - eshop | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikateľský plán - eshop | Theses on a related topic
398.
Maxa, Matyáš
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Posouzení podnikatelského záměru uvedení nového produktu na trh | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Posouzení podnikatelského záměru uvedení nového produktu na trh | Theses on a related topic
399.
Měchurová, Julie
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr na založení jógového studia | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr na založení jógového studia | Theses on a related topic
400.
Melcher, Patrik
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán firmy na údržbu fotovoltaických panelů | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: NEWTON University
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Global Business and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán firmy na údržbu fotovoltaických panelů | Theses on a related topic